1. Freckles (Ephelides)

Small, flat brown spots commonly found on sun-exposed areas like the face, arms, and shoulders. They are harmless but may become darker with sun exposure.

2. Lentigines (Age Spots or Liver Spots)

Flat, brown to black spots that develop due to sun damage or aging, often on the hands, face, and arms. Unlike freckles, they do not fade in winter.

3. Melasma

Dark, irregular patches usually found on the face, especially cheeks, forehead, and upper lip. Common in women due to hormonal changes, pregnancy, or sun exposure.

4. Nevi (Moles)

Benign growths composed of melanocytes. They can be flat or raised and vary in color from flesh-toned to dark brown. Changes in size, shape, or color should be evaluated for skin cancer.

5. Café-au-lait Spots

Light brown patches present from birth or appearing in childhood. Generally harmless but multiple spots may require further medical assessment.

6. Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation

Dark patches that develop after skin injury, acne, or irritation. Common in individuals with darker skin tones.

7. Birthmarks

Includes various pigmented birthmarks like congenital melanocytic nevi, which may need monitoring based on size and growth.